This present study aimed to examine the effects of long-term resistance exercise REG and aerobic exercise AEG on the adiponectin, insulin resistance, lipid profile and body composition in adolescent boys with obesity. Sixteen obese adolescent boys age: The serum lipid profile, adiponectin, glucose, insulin resistance HOMA-IR levels and body composition of the participants were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for analyses, and the criterion for statistical significance was set at p HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose and serum lipid levels decreased in both groups p These results indicated that both types of exercises had positive effects on insulin resistance, per cent body fat, weight and fat-free body mass. Long-term 6 months aerobic and REG had different positive effects on adiponectin and the lipid profile. The prevalence of being overweight and obesity Does Sex Decrease Athletic Performance children, adolescents and adults have risen substantially worldwide 1. The European Union Action Plan on Childhood Obesity emphasises physical activity as well as a regulated diet in children to halt this increase in the number of overweight and obese adolescents by 2. Adipokines secreted from adipose tissue may play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis by increasing subclinical inflammation 3. Does Sex Decrease Athletic Performance is one of the main adipokines secreted from adipose tissue. Adiponectin facilitates the clearing of glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acids from plasma; it decreases gluconeogenesis and increases insulin sensitivity 4. Individuals with obesity have lower adiponectin but higher leptin levels than individuals without obesity 5. Leptin is a hormone released by adipose tissue that aids in the regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis. Increased fat mass causes an elevation in leptin levels, which signal satiety and a mild increase in the basal energy expenditure. However, exercise can also cause changes in leptin concentration without an accompanying change in body composition. Different forms of exercise training could favourably modify weight-related complications, cardiovascular risk factors and the inflammation 6. Recently, resistance exercise has been recommended for children with obesity. While aerobic exercise is primarily an aerobic energy-producing process, resistance exercise is a type of exercise that increases primarily the force generation capacity of muscles 7. No consensus exists about the probable role of exercise in children on reductions in body fat and its effect on adipokines e. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of resistance exercise on adipokines, lipids and insulin resistance in adolescents 9, Information about health-related factors and early intervention effects among adolescents with obesity are important aspects in establishing targeted strategies and promoting lifestyle changes for preventing diseases. A better understanding of the metabolic responses to different types of exercise may help tailor interventions to maximise the likelihood of achieving health benefits among adolescents with obesity. Within this context, the main purpose of this study was to compare the effects of structured six-month resistance versus aerobic-exercise programmes on the serum lipid profile, adiponectin and insulin resistance. For the recruitment of voluntary participants, we contacted state high schools near the selected fitness centre in the Sisli district of Istanbul. From this group, adolescents with obesity were selected according to Cole et al. Twenty-three students and their parents decided to participate in the 6-month study and provided informed consent. Seven of the participants dropped out of the study because of various reasons non-compliance with the exercise schedule, Ramadan fasting period discontinuationand the study was completed with 16 participants. The study was performed, followed by the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before data collection, all participants provided written informed consent. Since all participants were younger than 18 years old, parents also gave written permission for participation. The participants did not have any sports experience before the study. An experienced physician reviewed their complete medical history, performed a physical examination and assessed pubertal development according to the Tanner criteria. The Tanner stage was determined on a paper chart by the bariatric paediatrician during the physical examination of the participants The Tanner scale defines stages based on the development of pubic hair and testicular volume in males. All participants were in Tanner stage IV-V. The investigation was performed as a parallel-group design and lasted for six months. However, a structured diet programme was not implemented throughout the study.
This amounted to Progressive resistance exercise in physical therapy: a summary of systematic reviews. Nevertheless, interest in nutrition with a view to improving performance in soccer in general is relatively recent [ 6 , 7 ]. Effects of physical exercise on adiponectin, leptin, and inflammatory markers in childhood obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Introduction
While some studies reported that males had higher scores than males (Celik, et al., ; Karademir & Acak, ; Khan, et al., ; Solomon. Low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIT) increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, yet little is known regarding potential mechanisms. These results indicated that both types of exercises had positive effects on insulin resistance, per cent body fat, weight and fat-free body mass. Studies that have investigated the relationship between sleep quality and athletic performance in adolescents have reported different findings.Acknowledgements We are grateful to Translation Service of the University of León for assistance language editing. Ann Med Exper Fenn ; Resistance-exercise Programme The exercise prescription consisted of 6 months of progressive resistance exercise at a local fitness centre. Gil A. Twenty-three students and their parents decided to participate in the 6-month study and provided informed consent. In our study, VAS was used to measure pain. This poor nutritional status might interfere with the development of their sporting performance and ultimately increase the risk of injury. Adiponectin is one of the main adipokines secreted from adipose tissue. Ask about the body parts where pain has been experienced over the past week. All participants had thorough physical examinations and detailed histories taken. Descriptive statistics were expressed as mean values, medians, SDs, first and third quartiles and value ranges. Nutritional study of a third division soccer team. Consumption similar to recommended daily amounts was noted for vitamins B1 and B2. Download citation. This may be of benefit to their performance, as the demands in relation to stamina and strength made upon them by their activity may be favorably affected by a protein intake that is above recommendations. The methodology employed is capable of extrapolation across various population sectors as a result of its wide applicability. Address for correspondence: Savas Karpuz, MD. Although energy restriction and a combination of aerobic and strength exercises were not investigated in our study, it can be concluded that these factors may also affect body composition. The subjects compiled a food diary, using forms provided for that purpose. The group referred to in the present study was soccer referees and linesmen. The participants were requested not to perform strenuous exercise in the last 24 hours before testing. Slight increases were observed on game days, but were not statistically significant. One possible explanation for these results may be that the subjects did not have a good basic understanding of nutrition, and as a result their diet did not meet their daily needs. With regard to micro-nutrient analysis, it is important to note that vitamins are structurally related organic compounds, but differ in their physiological action. The data for them are shown as milligrams Table 3. DOI: Google Scholar Download references. Open in a new tab. Contrary to our results, aerobic exercises did not affect the level of adiponectin in various studies in the paediatric population Method A nutritional study was undertaken of thirty-five soccer referees aged between 18 and 50 refereeing at different levels, from the Spanish national third division down to the provincial second division. From the baseline assessment of maximum strength, the initial one-repetition maximum 1-RM of the individual participants of REG was estimated. The average amounts for the minerals calcium and magnesium were close to those recommended for the population in general or even for those facing few physical demands, with calcium in the sample showing approximately recommended levels. Aerobic and strength exercise reduces adiposity in overweight Latina adolescents. The resistance-exercise sessions consisted of total body workouts comprising a combination of different body weight and power exercises using a variety of equipment. Education and awareness-raising about proper nutrient intakes is a day-to-day necessity for sportspeople of a certain level, whether in their own specific disciplines or in respect of others they may try where this need may become manifest [ 28 ].
